How the discourse metaphor crossing the Rubicon structured the debate about human embryonic stem cells in Germany and (not) the UK

نویسنده

  • Brigitte Nerlich
چکیده

In 2001 the metaphor of ‘crossing the Rubicon’ and many variations on this theme ran through the German debate about research using human embryonic stem cells. This article studies how the Rubicon metaphor was argumentatively exploited after having been prominently used by President Rau in a speech Wird alles gut? – Für einen Fortschritt nach menschlichem Maß (Will everything turn out well? For progress befitting humanity). From then on, it was adapted and changed by various participants to support or reject arguments for or against the use of embryonic stem cells in biomedical research. Compared to Germany, the Rubicon metaphor had much less of a ‘life’ in the UK and this article will try to show why that should have been the case. The contextual analysis of the Rubicon metaphor continues research into the discursive and cultural aspects of metaphors, by describing how a metaphor emerged as part of a political/social/rhetorical process, how it resonated within society and culture (or not), how it was evaluated in discourse and how it was creatively reformulated, extended and transformed by various actors engaged in political arguments. Studying the diverse meanings that emerged from the use of the Rubicon metaphor in Germany contributes to the study of discourse metaphors but also to the semasiology of metaphors, especially their polysemy, variability and flexibility. Im Jahre 2001 dominierte die Metapher ‘den Rubikon überqueren’ in vielen Varianten die Debatte um menschliche embryonale Stammzellen in Deutschland. In diesem Artikel soll gezeigt werden, wie diese Metapher argumentative verwendet wurde, nachdem sie von Bundespräsident Rau prominent in einer Rede, Wird alles gut? – Für einen Fortschritt nach menschlichem Maß, gebraucht worden war. Nach dieser Rede wurde diese Metapher von Befürwortern und Gegnern in ihren Argumenten für oder gegen den Gebrauch von embryonalen Stammzellen in der medizinischen Forschung benutzt. Im Vergleich zu Deutschland wurde die Rubikonmetapher in Großbritannien viel weniger verwendet und der Artikel wird versuchen herauszufinden, warum dies der Fall war. Die Analyse des diskursiven Gebrauchs der Rubikonmetapher setzt einen Forschungsansatz fort, der versucht, Metaphern nicht nur als kognitive, sondern auch als soziale und kulturelle Phänomene zu erforschen. Es wird versucht zu zeigen, wie Diskursmetaphern dieser Art im politischen, sozialen und rhetorischen Prozess hervorgebracht und diskursiv eingesetzt werden und wie sie kreativ in politischen Argumenten verändert und reformuliert werden. Die Analyse der verschiedenen Bedeutungen, die dieser Metapher in Deutschland gegeben wurden, trägt zur Erforschung von Diskursmetaphern bei, aber auch zur Semasiologie der Metaphern, insbesondere ihrer Vieldeutigkeit, Variabilität und Flexibilität.

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تاریخ انتشار 2005